Chapter 1 :- Computer System
Define Computer :- Computer is an electronic device.which take input form user process it and give us an output .
Computer can be designed by the combination of
1. Hardware :- The physical electronic components of
a computer are called hardware, e.g., keyboard, CPU, monitor, printer etc.2. Software :- These are the recorded instructions and programs that govern the working of a computer
1.Input Unit :- Input unit is used for taking Input for the computer.Input devices are mainly connected or attached to the computer system. example :- keyboard , mouse , scanner, etc.
2. Output Unit :- Output unit is used for taking Output.Output device are mainly responsible for taking input from the computer.Some basic example of Output device are Printer , Speaker etc .
3. Central Processing Unit :- CPU is mainly said as a brain of the computer . CPU is mainly used for processing the data and Instruction.
It is made up of two parts
(a)Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) :- It is used for basic Arithmetic operation like (+ , - , * , / , %) etc. and making logic decision (> , < , >= ,<=)etc.
(b)Control Unit :- It is used for controlling and supervising each and every command given by user .
4. Primary Memory :- It is basically an internal volatile memory where all the data and instruction are stored during all the process of the system. example:- RAM and ROM
5. Secondary memory :- It is basically refereed as an external storage device which provide permanent memory to the computer system.
Unit of Computer memory Managements
Types of Memory
1. RAM :-
RAM Stand for Random Access Memory
It is said to be the main memory of the computer system. It temporarily keeps information and data to facilitate its performance.
When the task is performed its clear the memory space is then available for the next task to be performed.
When the power is switched off, everything stored in the memory get erased and cannot be recalled. example :- Ram is basically volatile in nature
2.ROM :- ROM stand for Read Only Memory
This memory is units performs the read operation only.
This implies that binary information stored in a ROM is permanent during the Hardware production.
ROM are used for application in which it is known that ht information never need to be altered , example :- monitor programming controlling machine.
Evolution of Computer :-
1st Generation Computer :-
2nd Generation Computer
3rd Generation Computers (1964-1971)
Lower power consumption
High-level languages
Storage upto 100 MegaBytes
Computing Devices : IBM-360 series, ICL-1900 series, CDC-1700
4th Generation Computers (1971-PRESENT)
5th gen. computers
Key Summary :-
Computers can deliver performance because of an efficient combination of hardware and software.
While hardware refers to physical electronic components of a computer, software represent the recorded instructions/software that govern its operation.
Computer organization refers to logical structure of a computer describing their interconnections and work dependency
The functional components of a computer include : input unit, CPU, Memory, Storage Unit, Output Unit.
The Input unit is responsible for obtaining input from user and converting it to digital form.
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) processes the received input as per a set of instructions and produces output.
The CPU has these sub-components : ALU, Control Unit and Registers.
The ALU (Arithmetic of Logic Unit) is responsible for carrying out arithmetic operations and logic operations (e.g., comparing two values).
The Control Unit controls or supervises the processing taking place.
ROM is read only memory that stores some prewritten instructions.
RAM is Random access memory that can be read and written and is used for manipulating data during processing.
The primary memory (RAM) is volatile in nature as all contents are antonte are erased as soon as power goes off.
Open source software is the one whose source code is available.
Link to Download Chapter :- 1
