CH-3 Poverty as a Challenge

Summary

We see poverty all around us. In fact, every fourth person in India is poor

This means, roughly 270 million (or 27 crore) people in India live in poverty 2011-12. This also means that India has the largest single concentration of the poor in the world.

The following issues related to poverty:

• Landlessness

• Unemployment

• Size of families

• Illiteracy

• Poor health/malnutrition

• Child labour

• Helplessness

Vulnerability

Vulnerability to poverty is a measure, which describes the greater probability of certain communities (say, members of a backward caste) or individuals (such as a widow or a physically handicapped person) of becoming, or remaining, poor in the coming years.

Social exclusion

poverty must be seen in terms of the poor having to live only in a poor surrounding with other poor people, excluded from enjoying social equality of better-off people in better surroundings.

Poverty Line

At the centre of the discussion on poverty is usually the concept of the “poverty line”. A common method used to measure poverty is based on the income or consumption levels.

The accepted average calorie requirement in India is 2400 calories per person per day in rural areas and 2100 calories per person per day in urban areas.

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11. Write a Java program to input basic salary of an employee and calculate its Gross salary according to following:

11. Write a Java program to input basic salary of an employee and calculate its Gross salary according to following: Basic Salary <= 10000 : HRA = 20%, DA = 80% Basic Salary <= 20000 : HRA = 25%, DA = 90% Basic Salary > 20000 : HRA = 30%, DA = 95% Static Solution :- class salary { public static void main(String args[]) { double basic=20000.50,gross,da,hra; if(basic <=10000) { da = basic * 0.8; hra = basic *0.2; } else if(basic <=20000) { da = basic * 0.9; hra = basic *0.25; } else { da = basic * 0.95; hra = basic * 0.3; } gross = basic + da + hra; System.out.println("The Gross Salary is :-"+gross); } } Output :- Dynamic Solution :- class salary { public static void main(String args[]) { double basic=20000.50,gross,da,hra; Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enter the Basic Salary

1. Given the school result data, analyses the performance of the students on #different parameters, e.g subject wise or class wise.

1. Given the school result data, analyses the performance of the students on #different parameters, e.g subject wise or class wise. Solution :- # x-axis is shows the subject and y -axis # shows the markers in each subject # import pandas and matplotlib import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # Simple Line Chart with setting of Label of X and Y axis, # title for chart line and color of line subject = ['Physic','Chemistry','Mathematics', 'Biology','Computer'] marks =[80,75,70,78,82] # To draw line in red colour plt.plot(subject,marks,'r',marker ='*') # To Write Title of the Line Chart plt.title('Marks Scored') # To Put Label At Y Axis plt.xlabel('SUBJECT') # To Put Label At X Axis plt.ylabel('MARKS') plt.show() Output :-

24.Create a Data Frame quarterly sales where each row contains the item category, item name, and expenditure. Group the rows by the category and print the total expenditure per category.

24.Create a Data Frame quarterly sales where each row contains the item category, item name, and expenditure. Group the rows by the category and print the total expenditure per category. import pandas as pd # initialize list of lists data = [['CAR','Maruti',1000000],['AC','Hitachi',55000],['AIRCOLLER','Bajaj',12000], ['WASHING MACHINE','LG',15000],['CAR','Ford',7000000],['AC','SAMSUNG',45000],['AIRCOLLER','Symphony',20000],['WASHING MACHINE','Wirlpool',25000]] Col=['itemcat','itemname','expenditure'] # Create the pandas DataFrame qrtsales = pd.DataFrame(data,columns=Col) # print dataframe. print (qrtsales) qs=qrtsales.groupby('itemcat') print('Result after Filtering Dataframe') print(qs['itemcat','expenditure'].sum()) Output :-

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