Class 10th GSEB Social Science Chapter :-1 Heritage of India
GIST OF THE CHAPTER
1. India extends from Himalaya in the North to the Indian ocean in the South from Bay of Bengal in the East to the Arabian sea in the West. Area-wise India ranks 7th and population-wise 2nd largest country in the world.
2. Our motherland has bestowed rich and varied heritage to us and the world.
3. The values Sat, "Chit and Anand are realized from the Indian culture. Our values of non-violence and world peace have been admired by the world
4. 'Heritage' means a valuable gift from our forefathers-ancestors. Every day in school we take pledge that I love my country and I am proud of its rich and varied heritage."
5. We divide our heritage Into (1) natural heritage and (2) cultural heritage,
6. Natural heritage of India includes mountains. forests, deserts, rivers, streams. seas, trees. plants, creepers, flowers, leaves. Insects, varied landscapes, wide range of minerals, vegetation. plants and animals. Landscapes are generally formed due to different shapes of land. For example, the Himalaya
7. Ancient Indian culture flourished on the riverbanks of the Indus and the Ravi. Rivers are the sources of drinking water, domestic use, irrigation, electricity and waterways
8. Banyan. Pipal trees and basil are worshipped in India. People of India love environment since ancient times. Its proof is their love and affection towards flowers, shrubs and plants.
9. Astan lions are found only in the Gir Forest of Gujarat. Tiger, peacock, alligators, and eagles have been given the status of vehicles of Gods and Goddesses. The figure of four lions, horse and bull finds place in our national emblem. To protect the wildlife, reserves are created and laws have been enacted.
10. Cultural heritage is a man-made heritage. Whatever is received/created by human with his tact, wisdom, art and skill is called cultural heritage.
11. In Gujarat the caves of Buddhist and Jain religion have been found at Vadnagar, Taranga Dhank and Jhagadiya.
12. Negritolt/Negro people came from Africa to India via Baluchistan. They were black in complexion, having height and curly hair.
13. Australoid/Nishad people came to India from the South-east Asia. Their complexion was black, had broad head, flat nose and were short in height. We find these features among four to five feet the Kol and Munda tribals, Khasi tribals in Assam, the tribals In Nicobar and Myanmar.
14. Dravidians were the original inhabitants of India. They were the direct descendants of Mohen-jo-Daro culture and Stone Age civilization. They had matriarchal family system Tamil, Telugu. Kannada and Malayalam are the Dravidian family languages.
15. Mongloids or Kirat came to India from the North China via Tibet. They settled down in North Assam, Bhutan, Sikkim and West Bengal. Their physical features were yellow complexion. flat face, chubby cheeks and almond-shaped eyes.
16. Alpine, Dinarik and Armenold people migrated to India from Central Asia. Their descendants are found among the tribals in Gujarat. Maharashtra, Bengal and Odisha.
17. The Nordic-Aryans were the creators of the Aryan civilization in India. In ancient time, the first Aryan population was concentrated in the North-west region named Sapta-Sindhu'. They were more developed than other contemporary tribes. They were nature lovers. They composed Richas-hymns in praise of various elements in nature. They have given India glorious and prosperous heritage
18. Article 51 (A) states the fundamental duties the citizens. The duties at number (61 (7) and (9) are related to preservation of our cultural heritage
19. It is the pious duty of every citizen to ensure that no harm is caused to the ancient heritage and preserve the places of historical value.
- Answer the following Question in detail .
1.Give the details of the Aryan and Dravidian race?
Ans :-
(A) The Aryan culture:
1. The people belonging to the Nordic-Aryan were the creators of the Aryan culture-civilization in India.
2. The Aryans were more developed people than their contemporaries.
3. They adopted the good ways of life of the other tribals in India and formed a harmonious culture.
4. They were nature lovers. They worshipped trees, hey rivers, the mountains, the sun, the wind and rain and composed Richas-hymns for seeking their blessings.
5. Recitation of vedas, performing Yagna became a part of their religious rituals. Initially they lived in the densely populated Sapta-Sindhu, region in North-west India, which was called Aryavrata'.
6. Subsequently Aryavrata extended up to Mithila and Vindhyachal in the post-vedie period.
7. Their vast area was recognised by names: such as Bharatbhumi, Bharatkhand and Bharatvarsha after the name of the King Bharat.
8. The rich composite culture of India is the heritage of the Aryans.
(B) The Dravidian culture:-
1. The people belonging to the Dravidian race were the original inhabitants of India. They were the direct decendants of the Stone Age civilization and the creator of Mohen-Jo-Daro culture.
2. After the invasion of the Aryans, they shifted to and settled down in the southern part of India. Thereby their language and culture have survived.
3. They gave the concept of mother as "Goddess' and father as 'God'. Thereby the religious belief though of Parvati as the mother and Shiva as the father evolved.
4. They evolved the tradition of worshipping with Dhup. Deep and Aarti.
5. They also undertook nature and animal worship. The Aryan culture was internalised by the Dravidians.
6. They had matriarchal family systems and permitted inter-caste marriage.
7. They made progress in the crafts like boat and raft making, weaving, spinning and dyeing cotton.
8. Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam are the Dravidian family languages spoken by the people in South India, Rich literature in Tamil and other Dravidian languages was developed.
2. Explain the meaning of culture and give its details.
Ans :-
Culture is a way of life.
It is moulded by the changes that occur in public life, social rules and regulations of the society.
We have different cultures as the nature of public life, social rules and regulations differ from society to society and from time to time.
Culture is the sum total of habits, values. customs, traditions and ideals leading human beings to higher levels.
Culture denotes the progress of the human civilization from the cave to the house': from the Stone Age to the present times.
Culture denotes education. literature, music, dance, sculpture, painting and other forms of art that raise the level of human beings.
Culture also denotes intellect. thinking process, skills and values.
Culture is moulding of mind that leads to creative work such as education. literature. philosophy, religion, different schools of thought, fine arts. social institutions, economic activities and behaviour patterns.
Culture denotes the way of life of people which differs from society to society and from time to time. Thus, we have distinct Indian culture. which is different from the Western culture.
3. "Culture Heritage of Gujarat". Explain in detail.
Ans :-
1. Places of cultural, legendary and archaeological importance: These are Lothal (Taluka Dholka). Rangpur (Taluka Limbdi, District Surendranagar). Dholaveera (District Kachchh) and Rozadi/Shrinathgadh (District Rajkot).
2. Places of historical importance: These are victory tower at Vadnagar. Stone Inscription of King Ashoka at Junagadh, Sun Temple of Modhera, Fort and gate at Champaner. Rudra Mahalaya of Siddhpur. Mansar Lake of Viramgam. Jama Masjid. Jhoolta Minara. Sidi Salyyed nl Jall and Hathisinh Dehrasar-Jain temples at Ahmedabad. Sahastraling Lake of Patan and Rani ki Vav. Raj Mahal of Vadodara, Tomb of Mohabat Khan and Parsi Agtart at Navsari.
3. Places of Pilgrimage: Dwarkadhish temple and Shardapeeth of Jagatguru Shankracharya at Dwarka, Jyotirlinga temple at Somnath. Ambaji temple, Bahucharaji temple. Ranchoddas temple at Dakor, Shamlaji temple, Mahakali temple at Pavagadh, Mira-Datar temple at Unava and Palitana Jaintirth.
4. Festivals: These are Polo forest festival at Vijaynagar, Kite festival and Kankaria Carnival at Ahmedabad. Tana-Riri festival at Vadnagar, Northern Dance festival at Modhera and Rannotsava in Kachchh.
5. Jain and Buddhist caves: These are at Vadnagar, Taranga, Khambhaliya, Shamlaji. Koteshwar. Talaja, Dhank and Jhagadiya.
6. Fairs: The famous fairs in Gujarat are held at Modhera, Kartik Poonam fair at Ambaji. Bhavnath Mahadev fair at Girnar, Tarnetar fair at Tarnetar and Vautha fair at Dholka.
Q.2 Answer the following question pointwise.
1. Explain our constitutional duties for preservation and conservation of Heritage.
Ans :-
Article 51 (A) of the Constitution of India lays down the Fundamental Duties of the citizen. Items (6). (7) and (9) in Article 51 (A) prescribe the duties related to the preservation of cultural heritage.
These duties are as under:
(1) To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture:
(2) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures;
(3) to safeguard public property and to adjure violence.
[The corrected text given above as per Article 51 (A) of the Indian Constitution.]
2.Explain the meaning of natural heritage and state what does it comprise of?
Ans :-
(A) Natural heritage: Natural heritage is the close relationship between nature, environment and human life. Those things bestowed by nature to cater to our different needs are included in natural heritage. Natural heritage of India is unique and varied.
(B) Constituents of natural heritage: Natural heritage includes natural formations like mountains, forests, deserts, rivers, streams, seas, vegetation, animal life and mineral resources.
(C) Constituents of India's natural heritage:
Landscapes formed due to different shapes of land, such as Himalayan landscape has mountain peaks covered with snow, brimming rivers and Terral forests.
Rivers like Ganga. Yamuna, Indus, Saraswati, Narmada, Krishna and Kaveri are the sources for drinking water, domestic and industrial use. generation of power and waterways. Ancient Harappan civilisation flourished on the banks of river Indus and Ravi.
Vegetation includes plants, shrubs, flowers and trees People in India have worshipped Banyan and Pipal trees and basil. Cereals, pulses, oilseeds and medicinal plants have enriched our life. Variety of flowers have made human life fragrant, healthy and prosperous. We all are children of nature.
Wildlife consists of a large number of animals. Asian lions are found only in the Gir forest of Gujarat Status of vehicles of Gods-Goddesses has been given to some wild animals. The figure of four-headed lion, horse and bull is found in our national emblem.
3. Write about culture heritage of India.
Ans :-
Ans. India is a land of ancient culture which has bestowed upon its people and world at large a rich and varied heritage.
India has pacifist (peace loving) and accommodative culture which has been enriched by the people from different parts of the world who came. settled down and mingted with the original inhabitants. Thus India has a composite culture with many facets.
Sat'. 'Chit' and 'Anand' have been experienced from the Indian culture.
The values of non-violence and peace have been admired and accepted by the world.
People from the time of ancient Indus Valley Civilization to the present times have enriched India's culture by their intellectual activities. ability, talent and skill.
Innumerable scholars, philosophers, artists. artisans, sages, saints, scientists and people in public life have contributed to the development of India's culture.
The plurality of races, religions, languages, ways of life of people have given unity in diversity to Indian culture.
Q.3 Answer the following question in short.
1. What is the other name by which Aryans are called?
Ans :- Nordic
2. Write a short note on Negritoit(Habsi).
Ans :- Negritoit: Negritoit are, according to some historians, the most ancient inhabitants of India. They came to India from Africa via Baluchistan. → Their physical features were dark complexion. short stature-4 to 5 feet height and curly hair.
3. Which animals are shown on our national currency?
Ans :- Elephant
Important Board Question :-
