Introduction to computers

Chapter:-1 Introduction to computers

SUMMARY

Computers are machines that take data and instructions, store them into its memory and execute them on demand. In this chapter we saw working of typical computers.

We learnt about different input, output and processing units with examples. Because of the characteristics like speed, accuracy, and storage capacity, computers are used for many applications.

In this chapter we saw highlights of the important characteristics of computers along with some applications. Finally we discussed the concepts of hardware, software and firmware.

Choose the most appropriate option from those given below:

(1) Which of the following is the typical work flow of a computer ?

(a) Input, output and process (b) Input, process and output:

(2) Which of the following identifies the concept of a computer itself remembering the set of data and instructions to be executed?

(a) Stored program concept (b) Fixed source concept

(3) Which of the following refers to a set of step by step instructions to perform a given task written in machine understandable format?

(a) Program (b) Algorithm

(4) Which of the following devices converts the given data into machine readable form while entering data into the computer ?

(a) Output (b) Input

(5) Which of the following does a computer memory retains ?

(a) Data (b) Instructions

(6) Which of the following memory types is costly, fast and limited in size?

(a) Primary (b) Secondary

(7) What is the other name of primary memory?

(a) Non-volatile (b) Volatile

(8) Which of the following are characteristics of secondary memory?

(a) Cheaper and slower than the primary memory.

(b) Cheaper and faster than the primary memory.

(d) Volatile and slower than the primary memory.

(9) Hard disk and compact disks (CDs) are examples of which of the following device types ?

(a) Primary (b) Secondary

(10) Which of the following unit performs the arithmetic and logical computations?

(a) Arithmetic logic unit (b) Advanced mathematical logic unit

(11) Which of the following unit manages execution of instructions and controls operations of other components of the computer ?

(a) Memory (b) Input

(12) Which of the following does ALU and control units together form ?

(a) Central processing unit (b) Control processing unit

(13) Which is an example of an output mechanism ?

(a) Keyboard (b) Barcode reader at superstore

(14) Which component of a computer is known as the brain of a computer ?

(a) Input unit (b) Output unit

(15) Which of the following is full form of GIGO?

(a) Garbage in garbage out (b) Global input in global output

(16) Which of the following is a component of Software ?

(a) Instructions (b) Data

(17) Which of the following does the term hardware refers to ?

(a) Soft parts of computers. (b) Logical parts of computers.

Chapter 1 :- Introduction to Computer(Video)

Link to download Chapter :- 1

11. Write a Java program to input basic salary of an employee and calculate its Gross salary according to following:

11. Write a Java program to input basic salary of an employee and calculate its Gross salary according to following: Basic Salary <= 10000 : HRA = 20%, DA = 80% Basic Salary <= 20000 : HRA = 25%, DA = 90% Basic Salary > 20000 : HRA = 30%, DA = 95% Static Solution :- class salary { public static void main(String args[]) { double basic=20000.50,gross,da,hra; if(basic <=10000) { da = basic * 0.8; hra = basic *0.2; } else if(basic <=20000) { da = basic * 0.9; hra = basic *0.25; } else { da = basic * 0.95; hra = basic * 0.3; } gross = basic + da + hra; System.out.println("The Gross Salary is :-"+gross); } } Output :- Dynamic Solution :- class salary { public static void main(String args[]) { double basic=20000.50,gross,da,hra; Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("Enter the Basic Salary

1. Given the school result data, analyses the performance of the students on #different parameters, e.g subject wise or class wise.

1. Given the school result data, analyses the performance of the students on #different parameters, e.g subject wise or class wise. Solution :- # x-axis is shows the subject and y -axis # shows the markers in each subject # import pandas and matplotlib import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # Simple Line Chart with setting of Label of X and Y axis, # title for chart line and color of line subject = ['Physic','Chemistry','Mathematics', 'Biology','Computer'] marks =[80,75,70,78,82] # To draw line in red colour plt.plot(subject,marks,'r',marker ='*') # To Write Title of the Line Chart plt.title('Marks Scored') # To Put Label At Y Axis plt.xlabel('SUBJECT') # To Put Label At X Axis plt.ylabel('MARKS') plt.show() Output :-

24.Create a Data Frame quarterly sales where each row contains the item category, item name, and expenditure. Group the rows by the category and print the total expenditure per category.

24.Create a Data Frame quarterly sales where each row contains the item category, item name, and expenditure. Group the rows by the category and print the total expenditure per category. import pandas as pd # initialize list of lists data = [['CAR','Maruti',1000000],['AC','Hitachi',55000],['AIRCOLLER','Bajaj',12000], ['WASHING MACHINE','LG',15000],['CAR','Ford',7000000],['AC','SAMSUNG',45000],['AIRCOLLER','Symphony',20000],['WASHING MACHINE','Wirlpool',25000]] Col=['itemcat','itemname','expenditure'] # Create the pandas DataFrame qrtsales = pd.DataFrame(data,columns=Col) # print dataframe. print (qrtsales) qs=qrtsales.groupby('itemcat') print('Result after Filtering Dataframe') print(qs['itemcat','expenditure'].sum()) Output :-

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