Class 11th Chapter 10th Emerging Trends.
1. What is Augmented Reality?
Solution Augmented reality (AR) is a live direct or composite view of a physical, real-world environment superimposed with virtual elements, which have augmented (enhanced) by computer-generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data Most popular recent example of augmented reality is Pokemon Go game app.
2. How is Augmented Reality different from Virtual Reality?
Solution. The Augmented Reality enhances the real world view of our world with superimposed technology generate imagery and information. What we view is a mix of real physical world plus digitally generated superimposed imagery/information. We can interact with what we view. The virtual reality replaces our real world with a different virtual world which is digitally generated that feels like real world and we can interactively participate in it.
3. What is loT?
Solution IoT stands for Internet of Things. It is basically a network using which things can communicate with each other using Internet as means of communication between them. All the things should be IP protocol enabled in order to have this concept possible. Not one but multiple technologies are involved to make lot a great success.
4. What is Artificial Intelligence (AD)? What are some applications of Al 2 Solution, Artificial intelligence-or Al for short-is technology that enables a computer to think or act in a more human way. It does this by taking in information from its surroundings, and deciding te response based on what it learns or senses Some application areas of Al are machine learning, Natural language processing, robotics, business analytics, driverless vehicles and many more.
5. What is Machine Learning ? What are some applications of machine learning?
Solution Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (Al) that provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. ML applications learn from experience like humans without direct programming When exposed to new data, these applications learn, grow, change, and develop by themselves. In other words, with Machine Learning, computers find insightful information without being told where to look. Instead, they do this by leveraging algorithms that learn from data in an iterative process. Machine Learning has found applications in many areas of our lives such as face recognition, online campaigns, virtual personal assistants (like Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant, Cortana etc.), online chatbots (virtual chat assistants) and many more.
6. What What is NLP?
Solution Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the study and application of techniques and tools that enable computers to process, analyze, interpret, and reason about human language. It is used for practical purposes that help us with everyday activities, such as texting, e-mail, and communicating across languages.
7. What is Robotics? How are Robots useful?
Solution Robotics a branch of science and technology that deals with the conception, design, construction, manufacture, and operation of robots. A robot is a machine which has the ability to carry out complex actions and movements automatically.
Currently, the role of robots is to take over hard and dangerous jobs. Jobs that are repetitive and need great precision are the ones robots are good at. There's no room for human error in these jobs. Since robots are machines and computer-controlled, all the calculations of each movement are accurate.
8.Discuss some characteristics of Big data.
Solution Some characteristics of big data are:
(i) Volume (size of data). The data cannot be stored, processed, and interpreted by a single computing machine. Volume describes the amount of data generated by organizations or individuals, Big Data is usually associated with this characteristic, eg. Every day we create 2.5 quintillion bytes of data.
(ii) Velocity (Speed of data in and out, generated). The system should be capable of accessing storing, and processing this high-speed data. Velocity describes the frequency at which data is generated, captured and shared, eg. Every 60 seconds 400 hours of new YouTube video shares, 2430555 Instagram likes take place etc.
(iii) Variety (Types of data and sources). The system should be capable of handling all kinds of data. Big data means much more than rows and columns. It means unstructured text, video, audio that can have important impacts on company decisions-if it's analyzed properly in time, c.g. Image, audio, video, text, sensors etc.
(iv) Veracity (usefulness/accuracy of data). The data can either be of questionable quality or lack authenticity. It is prone to noise or bias. It helps to decide "Is the information is real or false. (D) Value. Our ability and needs to turn data into value. So, value may be in the form of Profit, medical or social benefits, customer/employee or personal satisfaction.
9.What is the basic difference between loT in WoT
Solution IoT(Internet of Things) is about creating a network of objects, things, people, systems and applications WoT (Web of Things), tries to integrate the objects, things and people etc to the Web using existing web standards. While loT needs a single universal application protocol to integrate the things WoT reuses and leverages readily available and widely popular Web protocols, standards and blueprints to make data and services offered by objects more accessible
10. What is Grid Computing
Solution Grid computing is a processor architecture that combines computer resources from various domains to work in tandem to achieve a common objective. In grid computing, the computers dispersed physically, work on a task together in parallel, and thus achieve computing powers of high power computers, sometimes super computer.
11. What is cloud computing 7
Solution. Cloud computing describes the act of storing, managing and processing data online, as opposed to on a physical computer or network. In other words, cloud computing is the delivery of computing services such as servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics etc. over the Internet ("the cloud").
12.What is a cloud computing service provider ?
Solution. The cloud computing service provider is the company that provides and ensures the delivery of computing services including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, -analytics, and intelligence-over the Internet ("the cloud") to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale.
13. What is a public cloud?
Solution. Public clouds are owned and operated by a third-party cloud service providers, which deliver their computing resources like servers and storage over the Internet. Microsoft Azure is an esample of a public doud. With a public cloud, all hardware, software and other supporting infrastructure is owned and managed by the cloud provider. One can access these services and manage their account using a web browser.
14. What is a private cloud?
Solution. A private cloud refers to cloud computing resources used exclusively by a single business of organisation. A private cloud can be physically located on the company's on-site data center. Some companies also pay third-party service providers to host their private clood. A private cloud is the one in which the services and infrastructure are maintained on a private network.
15. What is PaaS?
Solution. The full form of PaaS is Platform as a Service. It refers to cloud computing services that supply an on-demand environment for developing, testing, delivering and managing software applications. PaaS is designed to make it easier for developers to quickly create web or mobile apps. without worrying about setting up or managing the underlying infrastructure of servers, storage. network and databases needed for development.
16.What is SaaS?
Solution Full form of Sas5 is Software as a Service. It is a form of dloud computing used for delivering software applications over the Internet, on demand and typically on a subscription basis With SaaS, cloud providers host and manage the software application and underlying infrastructure and handle any maintenance, like software upgrades and security patching. Users connect to the application over the Internet, usually with a web browser on their phone, tablet or PC.
17. What is laaS ?
Solution. Full form of laas is Infrastructure as a Service. It is a form of cloud computing used for delivering a full compute stack - including servers, storage, networking and operating software as an abstract, virtualized construct Like other service-based offerings (Software as a Service, Platform as a Service), laaS allows users to consume only what they need while offloading complex and expensive management tasks to their provider.
18. What does blockchain technology do ?
Solution Blockchain technology creates a viable, decentralised record of transactions the distributed ledger-which allows the substitution of a single master database. It keeps an immutable record of all transactions, back to the originating point of a transaction.
19. What is distributed Indger on blockchain technology ?
Solution. A distributed ledger is a database of transactions that is shared and synchronised across multiple computers and locations - without centralised control. Each party owns an identical copy of the record, which is automatically updated as soon as any additions are made.
20.How does blockchain work?
Solution. A blockchain records data across a peer-to-peer network. Every participant can see the data and verify or reject it using consensus algorithms. Approved data is entered into the ledger as a collection of "blocks and stored in a chronological "chain" that cannot be altered.
21. What is a block and what is its role in a blockchain ?
Solution :- Blocks hold batches of valid transactions that are hashed and encrypted. Each blockincludes the cryptographic hash of the prior block in the blockchain, linking the two. The linked t blocks form a chair, called blockchain.
22. List some advantages of blockchain technology?
Solution Some advantages of blockchain technology are :
Increased time effectiveness due to the real-time transactions Direct Transactions eliminate the overheads and intermediary costs.
Reduced risks related to cybercrimes, frauds and tampering
More transparent processes with a proper record creation and tracking
Highly secure due to cryptographic and decentralized Blockchain protocols.
23.What is a thing with respect to loT?
Solution:- We distinguish two classes of things Things that are computers including smart phones equipped with communication interfaces. Things that are not computers, but who are associated with computers equipped with communication interfaces.
24. List some examples of NLP in Real Life
Information Retrieval (Google finds relevant and similar results). Information Extraction (Gmail structures events from emails).
Machine Translation (Google Translate translates language from one language to another).
Text Simplification (Rewordify simplifies the meaning used (pun intended).
Sentiment Analysis (Hater News gives us the sentiment of the user). Text Summarization (Smmry tool or Reddit's auto TL: DR tool gives a summary of sentences)
Spam Filter (Gmail filters spam emails separately).. Auto-Predict (Google Search predicts user search results).
Auto-Correct (Google Keyboard and Grammarly correct words otherwise spelled wrong).
Speech Recognition (Google WebSpeech or Vocalware).
Question Answering (IBM Watson's answers to a query).
Natural Language Generation (Generation of text from image or video data)
