Python Modules
A python module can be defined as a python program file which contains a python code including python functions, class, or variables. In other words, we can say that our python code file saved with the extension (.py) is treated as the module. We may have a runnable code inside the python module.
Modules in Python provides us the flexibility to organize the code in a logical way.
To use the functionality of one module into another, we must have to import the specific module.
Example
In this example, we will create a module named as file.py which contains a function func that contains a code to print some message on the console.
- Python Math Module
Python math module is defined as the most famous mathematical functions, which includes trigonometric functions, representation functions, logarithmic functions, etc. Furthermore, it also defines two mathematical constants, i.e., Pie and Euler number, etc.
- Pie (n): It is a well-known mathematical constant and defined as the ratio of circumstance to the diameter of a circle. Its value is 3.141592653589793.
- math.exp()
This method returns a floating-point number after raising e to the given number.
Example
import math
number = 5e-2 # small value of of x
print('The given number (x) is :', number)
print('e^x (using exp() function) is :', math.exp(number)-1)
- math.pow(x,y)
This method returns the power of the x corresponding to the value of y. If value of x is negative or y is not integer value than it raises a ValueError.
Example
import math
number = math.pow(10,2)
print("The power of number:",number)
- math.floor(x)
This method returns the floor value of the x. It returns the less than or equal value to x.
Example:
import math
number = math.floor(10.25201)
print("The floor value is:",number)
- math.ceil(x)
This method returns the ceil value of the x. It returns the greater than or equal value to x.
import math
number = math.ceil(10.25201)
print("The floor value is:",number)
- math.fabs(x)
This method returns the absolute value of x.
import math
number = math.fabs(10.001)
print("The floor absolute is:",number)
math.factorial()
This method returns the factorial of the given number x. If x is not integral, it raises a ValueError.
Example
import math
number = math.factorial(7)
print("The factorial of number:",number)
- Python statistics module
Python statistics module provides the functions to mathematical statistics of numeric data. There are some popular statistical functions defined in this module.
- mean() function
The mean() function is used to calculate the arithmetic mean of the numbers in the list.
Example
import statistics
# list of positive integer numbers
datasets = [5, 2, 7, 4, 2, 6, 8]
x = statistics.mean(datasets)
# Printing the mean
print("Mean is :", x)
- median() function
The median() function is used to return the middle value of the numeric data in the list.
Example
import statistics
datasets = [4, -5, 6, 6, 9, 4, 5, -2]
# Printing median of the
# random data-set
print("Median of data-set is : % s "
% (statistics.median(datasets)))
- mode() function
The mode() function returns the most common data that occurs in the list.
Example
import statistics
# declaring a simple data-set consisting of real valued positive integers.
dataset =[2, 4, 7, 7, 2, 2, 3, 6, 6, 8]
# Printing out the mode of given data-set
print("Calculated Mode % s" % (statistics.mode(dataset)))
- Python Random module
The Python random module functions depend on a pseudo-random number generator function random(), which generates the float number between 0.0 and 1.0.
There are different types of functions used in a random module which is given below:
- random.random()
This function generates a random float number between 0.0 and 1.0.
- random.randint()
This function returns a random integer between the specified integers.
- random.choice()
This function returns a randomly selected element from a non-empty sequence.
Example
# importing "random" module.
import random
# We are using the choice() function to generate a random number from
# the given list of numbers.
print ("The random number from list is : ",end="")
print (random.choice([50, 41, 84, 40, 31]))
Q.1 What is Tuple? How to Defines Tuples?
Sol :-
Python Tuple is used to store the sequence of immutable Python objects. The tuple is similar to lists since the value of the items stored in the list can be changed, whereas the tuple is immutable, and the value of the items stored in the tuple cannot be changed.
Creating a tuple
A tuple can be written as the collection of comma-separated (,) values enclosed with the small () brackets. The parentheses are optional but it is good practice to use. A tuple can be defined as follows.