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 Using I/O Operations   All programming languages allow to read input (known as input operations) and to write output (known as output operations). Input/Output operations are more popularly known as I/O operations. The C language does not have any built-in statement to perform input and output operation. C language does not have any built-in statement to perform input and output operation. These data input and output operations are carried out by the standard input/output built-in library functions. So far we have used scanf() as a standard input and printf() as a standard output function in our programs. I/O operations using functions like getchar), getch(), getso, scanfo, printf(), putcharo, putc(), puts(), etc. To use any inbuilt function from C library, we have to include respective library of that function in the beginning of program using #include statement. #include<stdio.h> The name stdio.h stands for standard input-output header file. This header file contains various i

Chapter -9   Computer can solve variety of problems from the easiest to the most complex ones. To solve a problem it needs to be given a complete set of instructions. We can solve any problem using the steps mentioned: 1. Define the problem. 2. Identify the input, output and constraint of the problem. 3. Identify different alternatives of solving the problem. 4. Choose the best possible alternative from the above list. 5. Prepare detailed stepwise instruction set of the identified alternative. 6. Compute results using this instruction set. 7. Check correctness of the answer obtained. Steps 1 to 5 are performed by person who needs the solution, while step 6 and 7 are performed by a computer. A flowchart is a technique in which we use pictorial representation of every action that we perform within the machine process that solves a problem. A set of symbols, showing different actions, is used to represent a flowchart. The symbols are also called components of flowcharts. Start and End :

Write a C program to enter length and breadth of a rectangle and find its perimeter.   Static program #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() {     clrscr();     int length=10,width=5,per;     per = 2*(length+width);     printf("The perimenter of rectangle is :- %d ",per); getch(); }  Output :-  Dynamic Program  #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() {     clrscr();     int length,width,per;     printf("Enter the length and breadth of a rectngle :-");     scanf("%d %d",&length,&width);     per = 2*(length+width);     printf("The perimeter of rectangle is :- %d",per); getch(); }   Output :-